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Although double-ended incandescent lamps existed since the 1890s, they only became popular following Alfred Beuttell's 1901 invention of the "Linolite" system. He developed an arrangement of lampholders mounted end-to-end and lateral reflectors that allowed the creation of semi-continuous lines of light. The result was improved uniformity of illuminance over the area to be lighted, which was of particular value in shop windows, display cases, and the lighting of signs and paintings. The low profile of the system was also especially advantageous in concealing the light sources from view.
The concept quickly grew in popularity in Britain, and is some continental lands, particularly France and Germany. In 1907 Beuttell founded the Linolite Company of New York, whose products were manufactured by the Johns-Manville company and later taken over by Westinghouse.
The lamps were produced in England by the Edison & Swan company. The original Tubolite model had a carbon filament, being replaced around 1910 by coiled tungsten filaments, and this longer "Beautalite" version. The filament is supported by a number of twisted metal wires sprung against the glass bulb, which are effective only when the lamps are burned horizontally. The ends of the bulb are shrink-sealed around platinum leadwires, and adjacent to one seal is an exhaust tip, hidden under the metal cap. The British lamps are considerably safer than the European pattern, thanks to the electrical contact being made to a small insulated disc at each end. With continental versions the entire cap shell is live, presenting an increased risk of electrocution if one end is held while the other is inserted into a lampholder. |