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In 1984 a huge miniaturisation of compact fluorescent lamps was achieved by mounting a pair of U-tubes side-by-side, to create the Sylvania double-tube design. From the single-tube range of 5, 7, 9 and 13W a double-tube family of 10, 13, 18 and 26W was created. There was no 22W double created from the 11W single, because its length and high voltage would preclude operation even on 220-240V mains. Osram followed in 1985 with the introduction of its Dulux D lamps, and Philips in 1986 with its PLC family.
In 1986 Osram made a further breakthrough by modifying its lamps for use on electronic ballasts, as was already being applied for its higher power Dulux L types. High frequency operation results in increased efficacy by reducing the lamp voltage for a given luminous flux. It also extends electrode life by starting lamps more softly, avoids irritating flicker during operation as well as when starting, and facilitates dimming and emergency battery operation. For many years Philips maintained that electronic ballasts were far too expensive to conquer the CFL market, but Osram had a different vision and was first to market with this technology.
The 2-pin cap is replaced by a 4-pin variant for controlled preheating of both electrodes, and the internal glowbottle starter is eliminated. The empty rectangular base post was not removed because it was found to be necessary for mechanical stability when lamps are used horizontally, but its length is reduced slightly. Incidentally, the nominal power ratings of the 4-pin lamps are the same as their 2-pin equivalents. This holds true when they are used on magnetic ballasts with an external starter, but at high frequency the actual power may be lower, depending on the ballast type. |