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Metal Halide - Quartz
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Updated 16-VII-2020 |
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Although the origins of the metal halide lamp can be traced back to a 1912 patent taken out by GE's Charles Steinmetz, the practical lamps based on current technologies first appeared in the labs of many of the world's leading lamp companies in the late 1950s. It was not until the mid 1960s that commercial products appeared, the first being commercialised by GE of America.
The technology is a development of the high pressure mercury lamp, to which trace additions of various other metals are added in the form of their halide compounds. These are vaporised into the discharge and contribute their spectral output, and materials are selected which fill in the gaps in the mercury spectrum to deliver a light source having considerably improved colour properties. The luminous efficacy of the lamps is also increased owing to a reduction in the generation of invisible ultraviolet radiation.
It is necessary to add the metals in the form of halides because the metals themselves usually have too low a vapour pressure to participate in the discharge, but the halides are vaporised very much more readily. In addition the additive metals are rather corrosive towards the quartz discharge tube wall, but when halides are employed, they generally exist in compound form on the quartz surface, in which state they are very much less reactive, thus minimising corrosion problems. |
| | Multi-Band Halides |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t HID MHQ Philips HPIT 2000HV.jpg) |
Philips |
2000W |
HPI/T 1st Generation shrink-sealed arc tube |
1968 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT375.jpg) |
Philips |
375W |
HPI/T 2nd Generation pinch-sealed arc tube |
1974 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT400 Mk3.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI/T 3rd Generation with hydrogen getter |
1981 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT400 Mk4.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI/T 4th Generation with improved arc tube |
1986 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT400 Mk5.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI-T 5th Generation with blown arc tube |
1996 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT+400 Mk7.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI-T 7th Generation with small arc tube |
2012 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPIT400BU.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI-T Plus for Vertical operation |
2008 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPI400BUS.jpg) |
Philips |
400W |
HPI-BUS Self-Starting Mercury Lamp Retrofit |
1987 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPI+250BUD.jpg) |
Philips |
250W |
HPI Plus with Daylight colour phosphor |
2012 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Philips HPITD10000.jpg) |
Philips |
10,000W |
HPI/TD Double Ended Stadium Floodlight |
1971 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ CdL MAIH2000B.jpg) |
Mazda |
2000W |
MAIH 2000 B 380V of French design |
1978 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ CdL MAIH1000TP.jpg) |
Mazda |
1000W |
MAIH 1000 TP 220V of unusual French design |
1979 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Claude MI1000-380V.jpg) |
Claude |
1000W |
MI 1000W-380V of unusual French design |
~1985 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ GEC MBI2000.jpg) |
GEC |
2000W |
MBI/H 2000W Stadium Floodlight |
1984 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Narva NC400-00.jpg) |
Narva |
400W |
Nachroma NC400-00 with Na-In-Tl chemistry |
1984 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Thorn MBIT250.jpg) |
Thorn |
250W |
Kolorarc MBI-T 250W tri-band high output |
1991 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Iwasaki MF400LSH.jpg) |
Iwasaki |
400W |
Mutli-Super Ace 5-band Mercury Lamp Retrofit |
2002 |
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| | Sodium-Scandium Halides |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Sylvania M400.jpg) |
Sylvania |
400W |
Metalarc Thorium-Scandium prototype |
1965 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Sylvania M400C-BUH.jpg) |
Sylvania |
400W |
MetalArc Coated with Barium Peroxide Getter |
1979 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Sylvania MS400HOR.jpg) |
Sylvania |
400W |
Super MetalArc Horiz. with curved arc tube |
1986 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Sylvania MS1000V.jpg) |
Sylvania |
1000W |
Super MetalArc Vertical with fattened arc tube |
1984 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t HID MHQ GE MV400-BD.jpg) |
GE |
400W |
Multi-Vapor MV-400/BD with Na-Sc chemistry |
1973 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Westinghouse MH400-BU-4.jpg) |
Westinghouse |
400W |
MH400/BU/4 with glass-sleeved frame |
1980 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Thorn MBI400BD.jpg) |
Thorn |
375W |
KolorArc MBI/BD 400W with etched arc tube |
1979 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Thorn MBIFHS250.jpg) |
Thorn |
250W |
MBIF/H/S Lithium for Marks & Spencer |
1982 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Svetotekhnika DRI175.jpg) |
Saransk |
175W |
DRI 175W warm white of Russian design |
1987 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t GE Halarc175.jpg) |
GE |
175W |
Multi-Vapor II (Halarc) high-lumen electronic |
1989 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Musco MH1500Z.jpg) |
Philips |
1500W |
Z-Lamp with offset arc tube for sports lighting |
2003 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Venture Glareguard.jpg) |
Venture |
400W |
Glare-Guard with crown silvered outer bulb |
1992 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Thorn MBIL1500.jpg) |
Thorn |
1500W |
MBIL/H High Wattage Double Ended Linear |
1988 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Sylvania Metalarc100.jpg) |
Sylvania |
100W |
MetalArc Protected for open fixtures |
1986 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t GE Halarc32.jpg) |
GE |
32W |
Halarc MXR low wattage for open fixtures |
1990 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ GE MVR350-VBU-PA.jpg) |
GE |
350W |
PulseArc for use with electronic starters |
2000 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ GE Halarc Electronic Clear.jpg) |
GE |
55W |
Halarc Electronic 'First Light' Clear |
1980-81 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ GE Halarc Electronic.jpg) |
GE |
55W |
Halarc Electronic Miser Maxi-Light |
1981-83 |
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| | Rare Earth Halides |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Osram HQIL400.jpg) |
Osram |
350W |
HQIL 400W Rare Earth with Fluorescent bulb |
1968 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Osram HQIT400-71.jpg) |
Osram |
360W |
HQI-T 400W-71 Rare Earth of 2nd Generation |
1973 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Osram HQIT400DH.jpg) |
Osram |
360W |
HQI-T 400W/DH Rare Earth of 3rd Generation |
1982 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Wotan HQIT400DV.jpg) |
Wotan |
360W |
HQI-T 400W/DV Rare Earth of 4th Generation |
1988 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Osram HQIT400D.jpg) |
Osram |
400W |
HQI-T 400W/D Rare Earth of 5th Generation |
1991 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Osram HQI-BT400.jpg) |
Osram |
400W |
HQI-BT 400W/D Rare Earth of 6th Generation |
2001 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Wotan HQIR250.jpg) |
Wotan |
250W |
Powerstar HQI-R with integral reflector |
1987 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Tungsram HgMIF400.jpg) |
Tungsram |
360W |
HgMIF 400/DH Rare Earth Horizontal |
1992 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t D MHQ Polam-COBR LRJD400.jpg) |
Polam |
360W |
LRJD Dysprosium-Thallium Indium lamp |
1997 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Osram HQITS150.jpg) |
Osram |
150W |
HQI-TS 150W/NDL Double Ended Compact |
1989 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Philips MHN70.jpg) |
Philips |
75W |
MHN "Thulium Lamp" High-CRI Prototype |
1985 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Philips MHNT70.jpg) |
Philips |
70W |
MHN-T Open Fixture Single Ended |
1996 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Philips MHNTC35.jpg) |
Philips |
35W |
MHN-TC Experimental Single Ended Compact |
1993 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Iwasaki MT150SDW.jpg) |
Iwasaki |
150W |
ColorArc 3500K with exceptionally high Ra 96 |
1988 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Iwasaki M70P36.jpg) |
Iwasaki |
70W |
ColorArc 6500K PAR36 High-CRI Metal Halide |
1999 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Sylvania BriteSpot ES50.jpg) |
Sylvania |
35W |
BriteSpot ES50 Compact Metal Halide Reflector |
2003 |
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| | Molecular Halides |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Thorn Arcstream 200.jpg) |
Thorn |
200W |
Arcstream MBI-T Single Ended Prototype |
1985 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Osram HQIT70.jpg) |
Osram |
70W |
HQI-T 70W/WDL Single Ended Compact |
1987 |
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| | Coloured Halides |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Tesla RVIZ400.jpg) |
Tesla |
400W |
RVIZ Thallium Iodide Green colour lamp |
1975 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t GEC MBI400 Blue.jpg) |
GEC |
400W |
MBI/U Indium Iodide Blue colour lamp |
1986 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t YaMing JLC250R.jpg) |
YaMing |
250W |
JLC250 Sodium-Lithium-Indium Red colour lamp |
2004 |
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![](Images/HID Thumbnails/t Narva NC400-04.jpg) |
Narva |
400W |
NC400-04 Bilirubinaemia Gallium-Indium lamp |
1981 |
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